diff --git a/frontend/src/components/PluginAssetPanels.vue b/frontend/src/components/PluginAssetPanels.vue
index f8e4d3ea..d5b8ab92 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/PluginAssetPanels.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/PluginAssetPanels.vue
@@ -31,8 +31,25 @@
 
       <!-- list: items each with a title, optional status badge, meta lines -->
       <div v-if="panel.render === 'list'" class="pap-list">
-        <template v-if="rows(panel).length">
-          <div v-for="(item, index) in rows(panel)" :key="index" class="pap-item">
+        <!-- Filter chips for any list panel that shows a health dot. Client
+             side over rows already fetched, so the counts cannot disagree with
+             what is on screen. -->
+        <div v-if="facets(panel).length > 1" class="pap-facets">
+          <button
+            v-for="facet in facets(panel)"
+            :key="facet.value"
+            type="button"
+            class="pap-facet"
+            :class="{ on: isFacetOn(panel, facet.value) }"
+            @click="toggleFacet(panel, facet.value)"
+          >{{ facet.label }} <span class="pap-facet-count">{{ facet.count }}</span></button>
+          <button v-if="facetSelection[panel.id] && facetSelection[panel.id].length"
+                  type="button" class="pap-facet pap-facet-clear"
+                  @click="facetSelection[panel.id] = []">Clear</button>
+        </div>
+
+        <template v-if="visibleRows(panel).length">
+          <div v-for="(item, index) in visibleRows(panel)" :key="index" class="pap-item">
             <div class="pap-item-top">
               <span class="pap-title">{{ mapTitle(panel, item) }}</span>
               <span v-if="mapBadge(panel, item)" class="status-badge"
@@ -59,6 +76,9 @@
             {{ actionError[panel.id] }}
           </div>
         </template>
+        <div v-else-if="rows(panel).length" class="pap-empty">
+          Nothing matches that filter. {{ rows(panel).length }} row(s) hidden.
+        </div>
         <div v-else class="pap-empty">
           <span class="muted">{{ panel.empty || 'Nothing to show.' }}</span>
           <router-link v-if="panel.manage" :to="manageLink(panel, assetid)" class="pap-manage">
@@ -135,9 +155,32 @@ import { colorStyle } from '@/utils/colorStyle'
 import {
   toApiPath, rows, panelVisible, mapTitle, mapBadge, mapMeta, manageLink,
   keyvalueFields, tableColumns, cell, badges, tabSections, rollupStatus,
-  rowAction,
+  rowAction, facets, facetedRows,
 } from './pluginAssetPanels'
 
+// Which filter chips are active, per panel id. Deliberately NOT reset when the
+// data refreshes: a viewer who filtered to criticals and then hit refresh means
+// to still be looking at criticals.
+const facetSelection = ref({})
+
+function isFacetOn(panel, value) {
+  return (facetSelection.value[panel.id] || []).includes(value)
+}
+
+function toggleFacet(panel, value) {
+  const current = facetSelection.value[panel.id] || []
+  facetSelection.value = {
+    ...facetSelection.value,
+    [panel.id]: current.includes(value)
+      ? current.filter((v) => v !== value)
+      : [...current, value],
+  }
+}
+
+function visibleRows(panel) {
+  return facetedRows(panel, facetSelection.value[panel.id])
+}
+
 const props = defineProps({
   assetid: { type: [Number, String], default: null },
 })
@@ -302,6 +345,33 @@ defineExpose({ refresh: load })
 .status-badge { padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 12px; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; }
 .pap-meta { margin-top: 0.35rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.75rem; font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-light); }
 .pap-empty { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem; }
+
+.pap-facets {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.35rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
+}
+
+.pap-facet {
+  font: inherit;
+  font-size: 0.78rem;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  padding: 0.05rem 0.5rem;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 10px;
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--text-light);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.pap-facet:hover { border-color: var(--primary); }
+.pap-facet.on { border-color: var(--primary); color: var(--primary); }
+.pap-facet-clear { border-style: dashed; }
+
+/* The count is the point: a red dot over a list of info rows is confusing
+   until the chip says "Critical 2" and one click shows them. */
+.pap-facet-count { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; opacity: 0.75; }
 .pap-manage { font-size: 0.82rem; }
 /* Two aligned columns rather than space-between: a ragged right edge is hard
    to scan once a panel carries more than a handful of rows, and a long value
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.js b/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.js
index 28fa9c52..310e2485 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.js
+++ b/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.js
@@ -45,6 +45,73 @@ export function rows(panel) {
   return list
 }
 
+// Optional in-card filter chips. A list panel declares facets: {key, order,
+// labels} and the renderer offers one chip per distinct value of that key,
+// with a count. Filtering is client-side over rows the panel already fetched -
+// no extra request, and the counts stay honest because they are computed from
+// the same array.
+//
+// Declared rather than hardcoded because the reason it exists is generic: the
+// activity feed mixes info, warning and critical, and somebody triaging wants
+// the criticals alone. Any list panel with a category column has that problem.
+// Colour names carry no meaning to a reader. A panel keyed on statecolor
+// (green/yellow/red) is labelled by the LEVEL those map to, while one keyed on
+// a word (info/warning/critical) is labelled by the word itself.
+const COLOUR_VALUES = ['green', 'yellow', 'red', 'grey', 'gray', 'blue']
+const LEVEL_ORDER = ['critical', 'warning', 'ok', 'unknown']
+
+// A panel that shows a health dot has already declared what it is dotting on.
+// Reuse that instead of asking every panel to declare filters a second time:
+// any card with a status rollup gets chips, and the two cannot disagree.
+function facetSpec(panel) {
+  if (panel.facets && panel.facets.key) return panel.facets
+  const status = panel.status
+  if (!status || !status.key) return null
+  const levels = status.levels || {}
+  const order = Object.keys(levels).sort(
+    (a, b) => LEVEL_ORDER.indexOf(levels[a]) - LEVEL_ORDER.indexOf(levels[b])
+  )
+  const labels = {}
+  Object.keys(levels).forEach((value) => {
+    labels[value] = COLOUR_VALUES.includes(String(value).toLowerCase())
+      ? humanize(levels[value])
+      : humanize(value)
+  })
+  return { key: status.key, order, labels }
+}
+
+export function facets(panel) {
+  const spec = facetSpec(panel)
+  if (!spec || !spec.key) return []
+  const all = rows(panel)
+  const counts = new Map()
+  all.forEach((item) => {
+    const value = item[spec.key]
+    if (value === null || value === undefined || value === '') return
+    const key = String(value)
+    counts.set(key, (counts.get(key) || 0) + 1)
+  })
+  // Declared order first, so severity reads critical-warning-info rather than
+  // alphabetically; anything unexpected in the data still gets a chip.
+  const declared = (spec.order || []).filter((value) => counts.has(value))
+  const extra = [...counts.keys()].filter((value) => !declared.includes(value)).sort()
+  return [...declared, ...extra].map((value) => ({
+    value,
+    label: (spec.labels && spec.labels[value]) || humanize(value),
+    count: counts.get(value)
+  }))
+}
+
+// rows() after the viewer's chip selection. An empty selection means "no filter
+// applied", NOT "hide everything": a card that vanished when you deselected the
+// last chip would read as broken.
+export function facetedRows(panel, selected) {
+  const all = rows(panel)
+  const spec = facetSpec(panel)
+  if (!spec || !spec.key || !selected || !selected.length) return all
+  return all.filter((item) => selected.includes(String(item[spec.key])))
+}
+
 export function mapTitle(panel, item) {
   const key = panel.map && panel.map.title
   return key ? item[key] : ''
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.spec.js b/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.spec.js
index 184bbe42..5ef5b255 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.spec.js
+++ b/frontend/src/components/pluginAssetPanels.spec.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
 import {
   toApiPath, subst, rows, mapTitle, mapBadge, mapMeta, manageLink,
   keyvalueFields, tableColumns, badges, panelVisible, tabSections, rollupStatus,
-  rowAction,
+  rowAction, facets, facetedRows,
 } from './pluginAssetPanels'
 
 const warrantyPanel = {
@@ -228,3 +228,68 @@ describe('rowAction (inline MTConnect toggle)', () => {
     expect(info.toggleLabel).toBe('Start')
   })
 })
+
+describe('facet chips on a card that shows a health dot', () => {
+  // The case that prompted this: the Activity card shows a RED dot because a
+  // critical event is in the data, while the visible rows are all info because
+  // the critical is older and sits further down. The dot and the list appear to
+  // disagree. Chips resolve it: the count sits under the dot, and one click
+  // brings the critical rows to the surface.
+  const activity = {
+    id: 'endpoints-activity',
+    render: 'list',
+    status: {
+      key: 'severity',
+      levels: { info: 'ok', warning: 'warning', critical: 'critical' },
+    },
+    _data: [
+      { title: 'Successful logon', severity: 'info' },
+      { title: 'Successful logon', severity: 'info' },
+      { title: 'Scheduled task created', severity: 'warning' },
+      { title: 'Unexpected shutdown', severity: 'critical' },
+    ],
+  }
+
+  it('derives chips from the status declaration, so no panel declares filters twice', () => {
+    const chips = facets(activity)
+    expect(chips.map((c) => c.value)).toEqual(['critical', 'warning', 'info'])
+  })
+
+  it('orders worst first rather than alphabetically', () => {
+    expect(facets(activity)[0].value).toBe('critical')
+  })
+
+  it('counts from the same rows the dot is computed from, so they cannot disagree', () => {
+    const chips = facets(activity)
+    expect(chips.find((c) => c.value === 'critical').count).toBe(1)
+    expect(chips.find((c) => c.value === 'info').count).toBe(2)
+    expect(rollupStatus(activity).level).toBe('critical')
+  })
+
+  it('labels a colour-keyed panel by its level, not by the colour name', () => {
+    const services = {
+      id: 'svc',
+      render: 'list',
+      status: { key: 'statecolor', levels: { green: 'ok', red: 'critical' } },
+      _data: [{ statecolor: 'green' }, { statecolor: 'red' }],
+    }
+    const labels = facets(services).map((c) => c.label)
+    expect(labels).toContain('Critical')
+    expect(labels).not.toContain('Red')
+  })
+
+  it('shows everything when nothing is selected, rather than hiding the card', () => {
+    expect(facetedRows(activity, []).length).toBe(4)
+    expect(facetedRows(activity, undefined).length).toBe(4)
+  })
+
+  it('filters to the selected severities, and allows more than one', () => {
+    expect(facetedRows(activity, ['critical']).map((r) => r.title))
+      .toEqual(['Unexpected shutdown'])
+    expect(facetedRows(activity, ['critical', 'warning']).length).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  it('offers no chips for a panel with no status rollup', () => {
+    expect(facets({ id: 'x', render: 'list', _data: [{ a: 1 }] })).toEqual([])
+  })
+})
diff --git a/plugins/usb/api/selfhosted.py b/plugins/usb/api/selfhosted.py
index 76206960..4d8dae6a 100644
--- a/plugins/usb/api/selfhosted.py
+++ b/plugins/usb/api/selfhosted.py
@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ def _checkout_events(checkout):
             'device_id': checkout.device.serialnumber if checkout.device else None,
             'action': 'check-in',
             'timestamp': checkout.checkintime.isoformat() + 'Z',
-            'scanned_viruses': None,
+            # Both read from the checkout row now. scanned_viruses was
+            # hardcoded None: the shape promised the field and had nowhere to
+            # read it from, so an imported history would have shown blank.
+            'scanned_viruses': checkout.scannedviruses,
             'locker_location': None,
             'sanitized': checkout.waswiped,
         })
@@ -233,6 +236,10 @@ def checkin_device(device_id, data):
                 checkintime = override
         open_checkout.checkintime = checkintime
         open_checkout.waswiped = bool(data.get('sanitized'))
+        # None, not False, when the caller said nothing: an unrecorded scan is
+        # not a failed scan, and an audit reads those very differently.
+        scanned = data.get('scanned_viruses')
+        open_checkout.scannedviruses = None if scanned is None else bool(scanned)
         open_checkout.checkinnotes = data.get('notes')
     device.ischeckedout = False
     device.currentuserid = None
diff --git a/plugins/usb/cli.py b/plugins/usb/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fba3b38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/usb/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"""CLI: move USB records off an external cmmc_usb database and into ShopDB.
+
+    flask usb import-external              report what would happen, change nothing
+    flask usb import-external --commit     write it
+
+A site running the external mode keeps its devices and its check-in/out history
+in a separate cmmc_usb database. This reads that database through the same
+connection settings the routes already use, converts it to the self-hosted
+tables, and leaves the source untouched. After a clean run, set
+usb_directory_mode to selfhosted and the external database can be retired.
+
+TWO THINGS THIS HAS TO RECONCILE, and they are the reason it is a command
+rather than a few INSERTs:
+
+The two schemas disagree about shape. External is an EVENT LOG - one row per
+action, check-out or check-in - while self-hosted keeps a PAIRED ROW, one
+checkout carrying both its times. Pairing is per device and in time order, and
+real logs are not tidy: a check-out with no return is an open checkout, but a
+return with no matching check-out, or two check-outs in a row, mean something
+was recorded wrong years ago. Those are reported rather than guessed at, and
+they never silently vanish.
+
+Identity is the other one. usbdevices.serialnumber is unique and NOT NULL, and
+the external devices table has no serial column - only device_id. So device_id
+becomes the serial. A blank or duplicated device_id stops the import for that
+device instead of inventing a key.
+
+Dry run by default. The point of the first run is the report.
+"""
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+import click
+from flask.cli import AppGroup, with_appcontext
+
+from shopdb.api import db, cmmc_usb_connection
+
+from .models import USBDevice, USBCheckout
+
+
+usb_cli = AppGroup('usb', help='USB device records.')
+
+
+# The external status vocabulary, mapped to the self-hosted boolean. Anything
+# unrecognised is treated as checked in and reported, rather than assumed.
+_CHECKED_OUT = {'checked-out', 'checked out', 'out', 'issued'}
+_RETIRED = {'retired', 'disposed', 'destroyed'}
+
+
+def _external_rows():
+    """(devices, log) from the external database, oldest log entry first."""
+    conn = cmmc_usb_connection()
+    try:
+        with conn.cursor() as cur:
+            cur.execute('SELECT device_id, device_desc, device_owner, status, '
+                        'locker_location FROM devices')
+            devices = cur.fetchall()
+            cur.execute('SELECT log_id, badge_number, device_id, action, timestamp, '
+                        'scanned_viruses, locker_location, sanitized '
+                        'FROM checkinoutlog ORDER BY device_id, timestamp, log_id')
+            log = cur.fetchall()
+    finally:
+        conn.close()
+    return devices, log
+
+
+def _is_checkout(action):
+    return str(action or '').strip().lower().replace('_', '-') in (
+        'check-out', 'checkout', 'out')
+
+
+def _is_checkin(action):
+    return str(action or '').strip().lower().replace('_', '-') in (
+        'check-in', 'checkin', 'in', 'return')
+
+
+def _pair(entries, problems, deviceid):
+    """Walk one device's log in time order and fold it into checkout pairs."""
+    pairs, open_row = [], None
+    for row in entries:
+        action = row.get('action')
+        if _is_checkout(action):
+            if open_row is not None:
+                # Two check-outs with no return between them. The first is
+                # unclosed and stays that way; say so rather than inventing a
+                # return time that nobody recorded.
+                problems.append(
+                    'device %s: check-out at %s while %s was still out - first '
+                    'left open' % (deviceid, row.get('timestamp'),
+                                   open_row.get('badge_number')))
+                pairs.append((open_row, None))
+            open_row = row
+        elif _is_checkin(action):
+            if open_row is None:
+                problems.append(
+                    'device %s: check-in at %s with no matching check-out - '
+                    'skipped' % (deviceid, row.get('timestamp')))
+                continue
+            pairs.append((open_row, row))
+            open_row = None
+        else:
+            problems.append('device %s: unrecognised action %r at %s - skipped'
+                            % (deviceid, action, row.get('timestamp')))
+    if open_row is not None:
+        pairs.append((open_row, None))
+    return pairs
+
+
+@usb_cli.command('import-external')
+@click.option('--commit', is_flag=True, default=False,
+              help='Write the records. Without this the command only reports.')
+@with_appcontext
+def import_external(commit):
+    """Copy devices and check-in/out history from the external cmmc_usb DB."""
+    try:
+        devices, log = _external_rows()
+    except Exception as error:
+        raise click.ClickException(
+            'Could not read the external database: %s\n'
+            'Check the cmmc_usb_db_* settings, and that this host can reach it.'
+            % error)
+
+    problems = []
+    seen_serials = set()
+    made_devices = 0
+    made_checkouts = 0
+    open_checkouts = 0
+
+    by_device = defaultdict(list)
+    for row in log:
+        by_device[row.get('device_id')].append(row)
+
+    for source in devices:
+        serial = (source.get('device_id') or '').strip()
+        if not serial:
+            problems.append('device with no device_id - skipped, it cannot be '
+                            'given a serial number')
+            continue
+        if serial in seen_serials:
+            problems.append('device_id %r appears twice - only the first is '
+                            'imported' % serial)
+            continue
+        seen_serials.add(serial)
+
+        status = str(source.get('status') or '').strip().lower()
+        if status and status not in _CHECKED_OUT and status not in _RETIRED \
+                and status not in ('checked-in', 'checked in', 'in', 'available'):
+            problems.append('device %s: unrecognised status %r - treated as '
+                            'checked in' % (serial, source.get('status')))
+
+        device = USBDevice.query.filter_by(serialnumber=serial).first()
+        if device is None:
+            device = USBDevice(serialnumber=serial)
+            db.session.add(device)
+            made_devices += 1
+        device.label = source.get('device_desc') or device.label
+        device.storagelocation = source.get('locker_location') or device.storagelocation
+        device.notes = _append_owner(device.notes, source.get('device_owner'))
+        device.ischeckedout = status in _CHECKED_OUT
+
+        db.session.flush()
+
+        for out_row, in_row in _pair(by_device.get(source.get('device_id'), []),
+                                     problems, serial):
+            checkout = USBCheckout(
+                usbdeviceid=device.usbdeviceid,
+                sso=str(out_row.get('badge_number') or '')[:20],
+                checkouttime=out_row.get('timestamp'),
+                checkintime=in_row.get('timestamp') if in_row else None,
+            )
+            if in_row:
+                checkout.waswiped = _tri(in_row.get('sanitized'))
+                checkout.scannedviruses = _tri(in_row.get('scanned_viruses'))
+            else:
+                open_checkouts += 1
+            db.session.add(checkout)
+            made_checkouts += 1
+
+        # The device's own flag and the history have to agree, or the kiosk
+        # will offer a drive that the log says somebody still holds.
+        if device.ischeckedout and not _has_open(device):
+            problems.append('device %s: marked checked out, but its log has no '
+                            'open check-out' % serial)
+
+    click.echo('devices read from external : %d' % len(devices))
+    click.echo('log rows read              : %d' % len(log))
+    click.echo('devices to create          : %d' % made_devices)
+    click.echo('checkouts to create        : %d' % made_checkouts)
+    click.echo('  of which still open      : %d' % open_checkouts)
+
+    if problems:
+        click.echo('')
+        click.echo('%d row(s) need a human decision:' % len(problems))
+        for line in problems:
+            click.echo('  - %s' % line)
+
+    if not commit:
+        db.session.rollback()
+        click.echo('')
+        click.echo('DRY RUN - nothing was written. Re-run with --commit when the '
+                   'report above looks right.')
+        return
+
+    db.session.commit()
+    click.echo('')
+    click.echo('Written. Next: set usb_directory_mode to selfhosted in Settings, '
+               'confirm the kiosk and the device list against the external '
+               'database, and only then retire it.')
+
+
+def _tri(value):
+    """External flags are 0/1/NULL. Keep NULL as None: unrecorded is not false."""
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    return bool(value)
+
+
+def _has_open(device):
+    return USBCheckout.query.filter_by(usbdeviceid=device.usbdeviceid,
+                                       checkintime=None).count() > 0
+
+
+def _append_owner(notes, owner):
+    """External device_owner has no column here, so keep it rather than lose it."""
+    owner = (owner or '').strip()
+    if not owner:
+        return notes
+    line = 'Imported owner: %s' % owner
+    if notes and line in notes:
+        return notes
+    return (notes + '\n' + line) if notes else line
+
+
+def build_cli():
+    return [usb_cli]
diff --git a/plugins/usb/migrations/versions/0003_checkout_scan_fields.py b/plugins/usb/migrations/versions/0003_checkout_scan_fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..542108ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/usb/migrations/versions/0003_checkout_scan_fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Record whether a returned drive was virus-scanned.
+
+The external cmmc_usb checkinoutlog carries scanned_viruses and sanitized on
+every row. The self-hosted usbcheckouts table already has waswiped, which is
+the same fact as sanitized under a different name, but nothing corresponds to
+scanned_viruses. That gap was harmless while the two backends were
+alternatives, and becomes data loss the moment a site imports its history and
+cuts over: whether a returned drive was scanned is precisely what a
+removable-media audit asks.
+
+Nullable on purpose, and NOT defaulted to false. A checkout recorded before
+this column existed is not a checkout where the drive went unscanned; it is one
+where nobody wrote it down. False would assert something the data does not say.
+
+Idempotent, so a re-run on an already-migrated database is a no-op.
+
+Revision ID: usb0003scanfields
+Revises: usb0002dropmachineid
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+revision = 'usb0003scanfields'
+down_revision = 'usb0002dropmachineid'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    bind = op.get_bind()
+    insp = sa.inspect(bind)
+    if 'usbcheckouts' not in insp.get_table_names():
+        return
+    cols = {c['name'] for c in insp.get_columns('usbcheckouts')}
+    if 'scannedviruses' not in cols:
+        op.add_column('usbcheckouts',
+                      sa.Column('scannedviruses', sa.Boolean(), nullable=True))
+
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    bind = op.get_bind()
+    insp = sa.inspect(bind)
+    if 'usbcheckouts' not in insp.get_table_names():
+        return
+    cols = {c['name'] for c in insp.get_columns('usbcheckouts')}
+    if 'scannedviruses' in cols:
+        op.drop_column('usbcheckouts', 'scannedviruses')
diff --git a/plugins/usb/models/usb_device.py b/plugins/usb/models/usb_device.py
index c549cbba..0b74f1dc 100644
--- a/plugins/usb/models/usb_device.py
+++ b/plugins/usb/models/usb_device.py
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ class USBCheckout(BaseModel):
     checkoutreason = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True, comment='Reason for checkout')
     checkinnotes = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True)
     waswiped = db.Column(db.Boolean, nullable=True, comment='Was device wiped after return')
+    # Nullable, and never defaulted to False: a checkout with no recorded scan
+    # is one where nobody wrote it down, not one where the drive went unscanned.
+    scannedviruses = db.Column(db.Boolean, nullable=True,
+                               comment='Was the device virus-scanned on return')
 
     # Relationships
     device = db.relationship('USBDevice', backref=db.backref('checkouts', lazy='dynamic'))
diff --git a/plugins/usb/plugin.py b/plugins/usb/plugin.py
index 77754e36..39b44332 100644
--- a/plugins/usb/plugin.py
+++ b/plugins/usb/plugin.py
@@ -70,6 +70,11 @@ class USBPlugin(BasePlugin):
             'docs': 'plugins/usb/README.md',
         }
 
+    def get_cli_commands(self) -> List:
+        """CLI: import records off an external cmmc_usb database."""
+        from .cli import build_cli
+        return build_cli()
+
     def get_reports(self) -> List[Dict]:
         """Removable-media audit.
 
diff --git a/tests/test_plugin_migrations.py b/tests/test_plugin_migrations.py
index 28f01be4..7cfb6c1a 100644
--- a/tests/test_plugin_migrations.py
+++ b/tests/test_plugin_migrations.py
@@ -70,8 +70,10 @@ EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['printers'] = 'printers0005observedqueues'
 EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['machines'] = 'machines0002rename'
 # employees adds the photofilename column on top of its cutover anchor.
 EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['employees'] = 'employees0002photo'
-# usb drops the dead usbcheckouts.machineid column on top of its anchor.
-EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['usb'] = 'usb0002dropmachineid'
+# usb drops the dead usbcheckouts.machineid column on top of its anchor, then
+# adds scannedviruses so an imported external history keeps the scan result -
+# the field a removable-media audit actually asks about.
+EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['usb'] = 'usb0003scanfields'
 # network links a device to a catalog model, which is where its photo comes
 # from - machines, PCs and printers already had that link.
 EXPECTED_HEAD_REVISION['network'] = 'network0003prefix'
diff --git a/tests/test_plugins/test_usb_import_pairing.py b/tests/test_plugins/test_usb_import_pairing.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16a7a231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_plugins/test_usb_import_pairing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Folding an external check-in/out LOG into self-hosted checkout PAIRS.
+
+The external cmmc_usb database records one row per action; the self-hosted
+usbcheckouts table records one row per checkout, carrying both times. The
+import has to convert between them, and the interesting cases are all the ways
+a real log is untidy after years of use: a drive still out, a return nobody
+has a matching issue for, two issues in a row.
+
+The rule these tests pin down is that NOTHING is invented and NOTHING vanishes
+silently. An unclosed checkout stays unclosed; anything that cannot be paired
+is reported. A quieter import that guessed the missing halves would produce a
+tidier database and a false audit history, which for removable-media records is
+the worst of the available outcomes.
+"""
+
+from plugins.usb.cli import _pair, _tri
+
+
+def _row(action, when, badge='B1'):
+    return {'action': action, 'timestamp': when, 'badge_number': badge}
+
+
+def test_a_clean_out_and_in_becomes_one_closed_checkout():
+    problems = []
+    pairs = _pair([_row('check-out', 1), _row('check-in', 2)], problems, 'DEV1')
+
+    assert len(pairs) == 1
+    out, back = pairs[0]
+    assert out['timestamp'] == 1
+    assert back['timestamp'] == 2
+    assert problems == []
+
+
+def test_a_drive_still_out_stays_open_and_is_not_reported_as_a_problem():
+    # This is the normal state of any drive currently issued to somebody, not
+    # a data fault, so it must not appear in the problem list.
+    problems = []
+    pairs = _pair([_row('check-out', 1)], problems, 'DEV1')
+
+    assert len(pairs) == 1
+    out, back = pairs[0]
+    assert back is None
+    assert problems == []
+
+
+def test_a_return_with_no_matching_issue_is_skipped_and_reported():
+    problems = []
+    pairs = _pair([_row('check-in', 5)], problems, 'DEV1')
+
+    assert pairs == []
+    assert len(problems) == 1
+    assert 'no matching check-out' in problems[0]
+    assert 'DEV1' in problems[0]
+
+
+def test_two_issues_in_a_row_leave_the_first_open_rather_than_inventing_a_return():
+    problems = []
+    pairs = _pair([_row('check-out', 1, 'ALICE'),
+                   _row('check-out', 2, 'BOB'),
+                   _row('check-in', 3, 'BOB')], problems, 'DEV1')
+
+    assert len(pairs) == 2
+    first, second = pairs
+    assert first[0]['badge_number'] == 'ALICE'
+    assert first[1] is None, 'the first checkout must not be given a return time'
+    assert second[0]['badge_number'] == 'BOB'
+    assert second[1]['timestamp'] == 3
+    assert len(problems) == 1
+    assert 'still out' in problems[0]
+
+
+def test_an_unrecognised_action_is_skipped_and_reported():
+    problems = []
+    pairs = _pair([_row('destroyed', 1)], problems, 'DEV1')
+
+    assert pairs == []
+    assert len(problems) == 1
+    assert 'unrecognised action' in problems[0]
+
+
+def test_action_spelling_variants_are_accepted():
+    # Years of a hand-maintained log produce more than one spelling.
+    for out_word, in_word in (('check-out', 'check-in'),
+                              ('checkout', 'checkin'),
+                              ('out', 'in'),
+                              ('CHECK_OUT', 'RETURN')):
+        problems = []
+        pairs = _pair([_row(out_word, 1), _row(in_word, 2)], problems, 'DEV1')
+        assert len(pairs) == 1, out_word
+        assert pairs[0][1] is not None, out_word
+        assert problems == [], out_word
+
+
+def test_unrecorded_flags_stay_unknown_rather_than_becoming_false():
+    # NULL in the source means nobody wrote it down. False would assert that
+    # the drive was checked and failed, which is a different claim entirely.
+    assert _tri(None) is None
+    assert _tri(0) is False
+    assert _tri(1) is True